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1.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 37(87): 79-85, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551407

ABSTRACT

La Caries de la Infancia Temprana (CIT) se ha descrito como una patología de origen multifactorial en niños hasta los 71 meses de edad. Se considera como Ca-ries de la Infancia Temprana Severa (CITS) cuando a los 3 años el índice ceod es ≥ 4; a los 4 años, ≥ 5, y a los 5 años ≥ 6. La rehabilitación de las lesiones provo-cadas por esta patología puede ser compleja debido a la calidad y cantidad de estructura remanente y a la edad de los pacientes afectados. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de CIT y CITS en niños menores a 72 me-ses que concurrieron para su atención, e identificar el tipo de práctica realizada, y la adhesión al trata-miento. Métodos: Diseño retrospectivo observacional sobre las historias clínicas de pacientes menores a 72 meses asistidos por los cursantes de la Especiali-zación en Odontopediatría, entre febrero 2021 y julio 2022. Resultados: La muestra quedó constituida por 101 niños, de 46+13,5 meses. El 91% presentó CITS. La totalidad de los pacientes mantuvieron lactancia nocturna prolongada después del año, siendo en el 72,3% a libre demanda durante el sueño, en un perío-do de 23+6 meses. Se registró un total de 1010 lesio-nes de caries. El 29,3% de los pacientes abandonaron el tratamiento. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los niños presentaron Caries de la Infancia Temprana Severa, con altos valores de patología y lactancia noc-turna prolongada a libre demanda después del año Los tratamientos recomendados en estos casos son muy prolongados y requieren de prácticas invasivas, complejas y de alto costo, lo que provoca el abandono del tratamiento (AU)


Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as a multifactorial disease in children 71 months of age or younger. When the dmft index is ≥4 (age 3), ≥5 (age 4), or ≥6 (age 5) it is referred to as Severe early childhood caries (SECC). Management of ECC is complex due to the quality and quantity of remaining structure of teeth at an early age. Objectives: To estimate the frequency of ECC and SECC in children < 72 months of age undergoing comprehensive treatment, to identify the type of treatment provided and treatment compliance. Methods: Retrospective observational design on dental records of patients under 72 months of age treated by Pediatric Dentistry Specialty Program students between February 2021 and July 2022. Results: The sample included 101 children, mean age 46+13.5 months, 91% of patients with SECC. All patients were fed nightly for over 1 year, 72.3% of whom were fed nightly on demand over a period of 23±6 months. A total of 1010 caries lesions were detected. 29.3% of children discontinued treatment. Conclusions: Most of the children presented severe early childhood caries with high values of pathology and prolonged nocturnal breastfeeding on demand after one year. The recommended treatments in these cases are very long and require invasive, complex and expensive practices, which causes abandonment of the treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Tooth, Deciduous/injuries , Dental Care for Children/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Schools, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Lactation , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Dental Caries/therapy , Treatment Adherence and Compliance
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO4952, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056063

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To define physician´s behavior in the face of a mentally capable elderly dysphagic patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration, who do not accept oral restriction. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, presenting a clinical case of an independent elderly with clinical complaints of dysphagia and laryngotracheal aspiration by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing who rejected the proposal to restrict oral diet. A questionnaire about the patient's decision-making process was used to assess whether the physician was sympathetic and justify their answer, and if they are aware of hierarchy of ethical principles (recognition of the person´s value, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice), in the decision-making process, and which was the main principle that guided their decision. Results: One hundred participants were classified by time since graduation as Group I (less than 10 years) and Group II (more than 10 years). Of them, 60% agreed with the patient's decision, with no difference between the groups. The main reason was autonomy of patients, in both groups. Among those who were not sympathetic, the main argument was beneficence and nonmaleficence, considering the risk between benefit and harm. As to awareness about the hierarchy of principles, we did not find differences between the groups. Autonomy was the principle that guided those who were sympathetic with the patient's decision, and justice among those who didnot agree. Conclusion: Physicians were sympathetic with the patient's decision regarding autonomy, despite the balance between risks of beneficence and nonmaleficence, including death. We propose to formalize a non-compliance term.


RESUMO Objetivo: Definir o comportamento médico diante de paciente idoso disfágico com risco de aspiração laringotraqueal e mentalmente capaz que não aceita a restrição da via oral. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal. Apresentamos um caso clínico de idoso, que vive independente, com queixas clínicas e videoendoscopia da deglutição comprovando disfagia e aspiração, que recusou a proposta de restrição da via oral. Um questionário foi aplicado sobre o processo de decisão do paciente, procurando avaliar se o médico torna-se solidário, e que justifique sua resposta, e se tem ciência da hierarquia dos princípios éticos (reconhecimento do valor da pessoa, autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça), no processo de decisão e qual o principal princípio que norteia sua decisão. Resultados: Cem participantes foram classificados por tempo de formados em Grupo I (até 10 anos) e Grupo II (mais de 10 anos). Deles 60% tornaram-se solidários à decisão do paciente, sem diferença entre os grupos. O principal argumento foi a autonomia do paciente nos dois grupos. Entre os não solidários, foi o binômio beneficência e não maleficência, e o balanço do risco/benefício e malefício. Considerando a ciência sobre a hierarquia dos princípios que regem a decisão, não encontramos diferença entre eles. A autonomia foi o principal princípio na decisão entre os solidários e a justiça entre os não solidários. Conclusão: O médico foi solidário à decisão do paciente em respeito à sua autonomia, apesar dos riscos ponderados da beneficência e da maleficência, inclusive de morte. Propomos o termo de recusa de conduta formalizada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Respiratory Aspiration/etiology , Physician-Patient Relations , Time Factors , Gastrostomy/methods , Deglutition Disorders/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Gastroscopy/methods , Personal Autonomy , Respiratory Aspiration/prevention & control , Clinical Decision-Making , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/methods
3.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057197

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the most effective form of contact, as a possible intervention to reduce absenteeism in consultations of children with suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with prospective data collection, between March 2017 and February 2018. Patients were randomized into three groups to be reminded about the appointment: telephone contact, SMS or WhatsApp, or no intervention. A convenience sample was obtained, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 78 children were included, with a median age of four years old (zero to 14); 59.0% of them were in treatment for a latent infection and 6.4% had active tuberculosis. Among the 78 children, 74.4% lived in Curitiba (Sourhern Brazil); 62.8% lived with both parents; 38.5% of the parents had formal employment and 47.4% of the mothers were housewives; 50.8% of the fathers and 55.7% of the mothers had more than nine years of schooling. In 78.2% of the families, per capita income was up to 0.5 minimum wages; 27.3% were enrolled in social programs; 28.2% lived in homes provided by the government. There was a total of 238 interventions made: 85 (35.7%) by telephone contact, 78 (32.8%) by text message (WhatsApp was 97.2% of these) and 75 (31.5%) had no further contact. There was no statistical difference among the sociodemographic and cultural characteristics studied. The absenteeism rate was 24.0% and the abandonment rate was 16.7%. Giving a reminder to the patient's guardian prior to the consultation, regardless of the intervention (p=0.021) and specifically by WhatsApp message (p=0.032) was associated with no absenteeism, though it was not associated with abandonment of the treatment. Conclusions: Using new tools, such as WhatsApp, to remind guardians of appointments reduces absenteeism. Consequently, it may lead to a reduction in abandoning treatment and it may improvetreatment outcome of children with a tuberculosis infection or disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a forma mais efetiva de contato, como possibilidade de intervenção, para diminuir o absenteísmo em consultas de crianças com suspeita ou com tuberculose pulmonar. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com coleta de dados prospectiva, entre março de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018. Os pacientes foram aleatorizados em três grupos para relembrar a consulta: contato telefônico; mensagens curtas (SMS) ou WhatsApp; e nenhuma intervenção. Amostra de conveniência, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Incluídas 78 crianças, mediana de idade quatro anos (zero a 14); 59,0% em tratamento para infecção latente e 6,4% com tuberculose ativa; 74,4% moravam em Curitiba, Paraná; 62,8% residiam com ambos os pais; 38,5% dos pais possuíam emprego formal e 47,4% das mães eram do lar; 50,8% dos pais e 55,7% das mães possuíam mais de nove anos de estudo; em 78,2% das famílias a renda per capita foi de até 0,5 salário mínimo; 27,3% estavam inscritas em programas sociais; e 28,2% residiam em casa cedida. Foram 238 intervenções: 85 (35,7%) por contato telefônico, 78 (32,8%) por mensagem de texto (WhatsApp 97,2%) e 75 (31,5%) sem nenhum contato adicional. Nas características sociodemográficas e culturais estudadas não houve diferença estatística. O absenteísmo foi de 24,0% e o abandono, de 16,7%. Lembrar o responsável previamente à consulta, independente da intervenção (p=0,021) e especificamente por mensagem por WhatsApp (p=0,032) foi associado ao não absenteísmo, porém não associado ao abandono. Conclusões: O uso de novas ferramentas, como o aplicativo WhatsApp, pode reduzir o absenteísmo, diminuir a possibilidade de abandono no seguimento e melhorar o desfecho do tratamento de crianças com tuberculose, seja a infecção ou a doença.


Subject(s)
Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Technology/instrumentation , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Parents , Appointments and Schedules , Referral and Consultation/trends , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Treatment Refusal/psychology , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Absenteeism , Mobile Applications/standards
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180366, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041523

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION Immunization is the primary method of preventing influenza. The objective of this study was to describe reasons and determine causes of acceptance or refusal of the influenza vaccine by elderly people. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study included elderly patients (aged >60 years) from the City of Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The sample comprised 185 people; 71.9% reported receiving the vaccine and 21% claimed to have experienced complications. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination coverage was below the national goal; the reasons for not being vaccinated was "did not want to receive the vaccine", in addition to "forgot".


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vaccination , Middle Aged
5.
Clin. biomed. res ; 38(2): 178-195, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1025636

ABSTRACT

A não-adesão à farmacoterapia foi primeiramente identificada há mais de 2000 anos e continua a ser um desafio, gerando intenso debate nos dias de hoje. Percebe-se que houve um aumento nas pesquisas que procuram elucidar a extensão, as causas e as consequências da não-adesão à farmacoterapia. No entanto, para entender a extensão de adesão é necessário compreender o seu conceito. Para tanto, é necessário esclarecer a diferença dos diversos termos utilizados em pesquisas de adesão, tais como cumprimento, adesão, concordância e persistência. Com o objetivo de elucidar essas e muitas outras questões, conduziu-se um mapeamento da literatura existente sobre adesão à farmacoterapia. Esta revisão narrativa foi conduzida sem limitação temporal, por meio de buscas realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e Scielo. Utilizaram-se os descritos em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) (Medication Adherence e Adesão à Medicação; Patient Compliance e Cooperação do Paciente; Terminology e Terminologia); os termos MESH (drug therapy, medication adherence, medication therapy management, patient compliance, terminology); e outros termos gerais. Apesar de existir uma vasta literatura sobre o conceito de adesão à medicação, não há um consenso padrão estabelecido. Os termos compliance, adherence e concordance têm sido utilizados erroneamente como termos intercambiáveis de adesão à medicação. Alguns autores categorizam a não-adesão em intencional e não intencional; outros em repetida ou esporádica ou, ainda, em primária ou secundária. A adesão é um comportamento multifatorial complexo que é influenciado por diversos fatores, que muitas vezes são controversos e inconsistentes nas publicações. Apesar de existir um universo rico e promissor no campo de adesão à farmacoterapia, há muita complexidade e contradição. Muito do que se reporta à adesão é de certa forma fragmentado e controverso, o que dificulta a análise deste processo como um todo. (AU)


Non-adherence to medication was first noted over 2000 years ago and remains a challenge; the issue continues to generate intense debate. A surge in research in this area has helped to elucidate the extent, causes and consequences of patient non­adherence. However, how do we elucidate the extent of adherence without understanding its concept? What is the difference between the terms used in research in this field, such as compliance, adherence, concordance and persistence? A mapping of the existing literature on adherence to medication was conducted in order to answer this and other questions. This narrative review was conducted with no time limit, by searching MEDLINE/PubMed and Scielo databases. Health science descriptors (DeCS) were applied (Medication Adherence; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires and Terminology); MESH terms (drug therapy, medication adherence, medication therapy management, patient compliance, terminology); and other terms. Although there is a vast literature on the concept of adherence to medication, no standard consensus is established. The terms compliance, adherence and concordance have been misused as interchangeable terms for adherence to medication. Some authors categorize non-adherence into intentional and unintentional; repeated or sporadic, and primary or secondary. Adherence is a complex multifactorial behavior influenced by several factors, which are often controversial and inconsistent in publications. Although there is a rich and promising universe in the field of medication adherence, there is a lot of complexity and contradiction as well. Everything that is related to adherence is somewhat fragmented and controversial, which makes it difficult to analyze its process as a whole. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Adherence/psychology , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Terminology as Topic , Treatment Refusal/psychology , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
6.
CoDAS ; 30(5): e20170198, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-952878

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir los elementos que interfieren en el uso de audífonos en adultos mayores beneficiarios del operativo de entrega de audífonos de un Centro de Salud en Chile. Método Estudio descriptivo con diseño de corte transversal en 24 usuarios beneficiarios, con un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas de elaboración propia. Resultados Se reporta un 75% de adherencia al uso de audífonos. Hubo una diferencia de 3.8 horas en el uso entre adherentes y no adherentes y en la frecuencia de utilización. Los principales motivos de no uso corresponden con incomodidad por molde y ruidos del audífono. Conclusión Es necesario entregar educación de calidad durante el proceso de implementación, así como también abordar dificultades técnicas relacionadas al ajuste auricular y calibración del audífono, ya que esto podría aumentar la adherencia a su uso.


ABSTRACT Purpose The present research sought to describe the elements that interfere with the use of hearing aids in the elderly beneficiaries of a hearing aid delivery from Chile in a Family Health Center. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 24 beneficiary users, with application of a closed-question questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Results A 75% adherence to the use of hearing aids is reported. There was a difference of 3.8 h in the use between adherents and non-adherents and in the frequency of use. The main reasons for not using the hearing aids are discomfort due to mold and noise. Conclusion It is necessary to provide quality education during the implementation process, as well as to address the technical difficulties related to atrial adjustment and calibration of the hearing aid in order to increase adherence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Hearing Aids/statistics & numerical data , Hearing Loss/rehabilitation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 34(3/4): 192-196, jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-912657

ABSTRACT

La modificación a la Ley 18.216 establece por primera vez en nuestro país el tratamiento de drogas en contexto obligado para población adulta. El Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol (SENDA) ha implementado el Programa de Tratamiento Específico de Libertad Vigilada, asumiendo el desafío del diseño e implementación de un modelo de intervención que promueva la motivación al cambio y la adherencia en personas que ingresan a tratamiento en contexto de coacción judicial. El presente artículo examinó las variables demográficas, clínicas y criminológicas asociadas a abandono temprano. Se utilizaron datos extraídos de los registros del sistema informático Sistema de Información y Gestión de Tratamiento (SISTRAT), del periodo enero de 2014 a octubre de 2016. Los resultados muestran que la frecuencia de abandono temprano presentada por esta población (5%) es inferior a la examinada en la población general. Las características específicas asociadas con el abandono temprano incluyen: ser desempleado, presentar menor escolaridad, sustancia principal de consumo pasta base de cocaína, inicio temprano del uso de sustancias, mayor frecuencia de consumo y el tipo de delito.


The amendment to Law 18.216 establishes for the first time in our country the treatment of drugs in a forced context for the adult population. The National Service for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drugs and Alcohol (SENDA) has implemented the Specific Treatment Program with Monitored Freedom, assuming the challenge of designing and implementing an in tervention model that promotes change motivation and adherence in persons entering treatment in the context of judicial coercion. The present article examined the demographic, clinical, and criminological variables associated with early abandonment. Data extracted from records of the Information System and Treatment Management System (SISTRAT) from January 2014 to October 2016 were used. The results show that the frequency of early abandonment presented by this population (5%) is lower to that examined in the general population. The specific characteristics associated with early abandonment include: being unemployed, having less schooling, freebase cocaine as main substance of consumption, early onset of substance use, higher frequency of consumption and type of crime.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Criminals , Socioeconomic Factors , Sex Factors , Age Factors
8.
São Paulo med. j ; 134(1): 47-55, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777457

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Non-adherence to treatment is one of the hindering factors in the process of smoking cessation. This study aimed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status and motivation among smokers who maintained or abandoned treatment to stop smoking, and to analyze associations between sociodemographic factors and smoking. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study on 216 smokers who were attended at healthcare units in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. METHODS: The instruments used were the Fagerström, URICA and CAGE questionnaires. Data from the initial evaluation was analyzed using the two-proportion test (α < 0.05). The patients were monitored for six months and those who abandoned treatment were accounted for. Bivariate analysis was conducted, using crude prevalence ratios and 5% significance level (P < 0.05), with abandonment of treatment as the outcome variable. Associations with P < 0.20 were selected for multiple robust Poisson regression (RPa). RESULTS: The abandonment rate was 34.26%. Males and individuals in the 20-39 age group, in employment, with low motivation, with shorter time smoking and lower tobacco intake predominated in the dropout group. In the final model, gender (RPa 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.10) and age group (RPa 3.77; 95% CI: 1.47-9.67) remained associated with abandonment. CONCLUSION: Males and individuals in the 20-39 age group, in employment, with low motivation, with shorter time smoking and lower tobacco intake more frequently abandoned the treatment. Male gender and younger age group were associated with abandonment of nicotine dependence treatment.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: A não adesão ao tratamento é um dos fatores dificultadores do processo de cessação do tabagismo. Este estudo objetiva comparar características sociodemográficas, status do tabagismo e motivação entre fumantes que abandonaram ou não o tratamento do tabagismo e analisar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e uso do tabaco. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte, com 216 fumantes atendidos em unidades de saúde de Cuiabá, MT. MÉTODOS: Instrumentos: foram utilizados os questionários Fagerström, URICA e CAGE. Dados da avaliação inicial foram analisados via teste de duas proporções (α < 0.05) e os pacientes foram acompanhados por seis meses, contabilizando-se os que abandonaram o tratamento. Foi realizada análise bivariada, utilizando a razão de prevalência bruta, com nível de significância 5% (P < 0,05); tendo como desfecho o abandono do tratamento. As associações com P < 0,20 foram selecionadas para a regressão de Poisson múltipla robusta (RPa). RESULTADOS: A taxa de abandono foi de 34,26%. O predomínio no grupo abandono foi do gênero masculino, na faixa etária 20-39 anos, trabalhadores, com baixa motivação, menor tempo de fumo e de carga tabágica. No modelo final, gênero (RPa 1,47; IC 95% 1,03-2,10) e faixa etária (RPa 3,77; IC 95% 1,47-9,67) permaneceram associados ao abandono. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos do gênero masculino, na faixa etária de 20-39, que trabalham, com baixa motivação, menor tempo de fumo e de carga tabágica abandonaram mais o tratamento. Gênero masculino e faixa etária jovem estão associados ao abandono do tratamento da dependência à nicotina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Age Factors , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Sociological Factors , Motivation
10.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(1): 34-41, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703042

ABSTRACT

Toxicity is the most frequently reported reason for modifying or discontinuing the first combined antiretroviral therapy regimens, and it can cause significant morbidity, poor quality of life and also can be an important barrier to adherence, ultimately resulting in treatment failure and viral resistance. Elderly patients with HIV/AIDS (≥50 years) may have a different profile in terms of treatment modification due to higher incidence of comorbidities and polypharmacy. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of modifying or discontinuing first combined antiretroviral therapy regimen due to toxicity (TOX-MOD) during the first year of treatment at the IPEC – FIOCRUZ HIV/AIDS cohort, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, stratified by age. Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics from antiretroviral-naïve patients who first received combined antiretroviral therapy between Jan/1996 and Dec/2010 were collected. Incidence rate and confidence interval of each event were estimated using quasipoisson model. To estimate hazard ratio (HR) of TOX-MOD during the first year of combined antiretroviral therapy Cox's proportional hazards regression was applied. Overall, 1558 patients were included; 957 (61.4%), 420 (27.0%) and 181 (11.6%) were aged <40, 40–49, and ≥50 years, respectively. 239 (15.3%) events that led to any modifying or discontinuing within the first year of treatment were observed; 228 (95.4%) of these were TOX-MOD, corresponding to an incidence rate of 16.6/100 PY (95% CI: 14.6–18.9). The most frequent TOX-MOD during first combined antiretroviral therapy regimen were hematologic (59; 26.3%), central nervous system (47; 20.9%), rash (42; 19.1%) and gastrointestinal (GI) (38; 16.7%). In multivariate analysis, incidence ratio of TOX-MOD during the first year of combined antiretroviral therapy progressively increases with age, albeit not reaching statistical significance. This profile was maintained after adjusting the model for sex, combined antiretroviral therapy regimen and year of combined antiretroviral therapy initiation. These results are important because not only patients are living longer and aging with HIV, but also new diagnoses are being made among the elderly. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the safety profile of first line combined antiretroviral therapy on elderly individuals, especially in resource-limited countries, where initial regimens are mostly NNRTI-based.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Viral Load
11.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1122725

ABSTRACT

Este estudo exploratório e descritivo teve como objetivo verificar a adesão ao tratamento não farmacológico e farmacológico de hipertensos em uma unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Cuiabá-MT- Brasil. Participaram do estudo 54 usuários com hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Eram em sua maioria mulheres, negras, entre 35 e 65 anos, algumas analfabetas e outras com quatro anos ou menos de estudo e com trabalho fora de casa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista por meio de questionário e receberam tratamento descritivo. Os resultados mostraram que dos 54 usuários pesquisados, nenhum deles obedece totalmente ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo, 50% aderem parcialmente e 50% não aderem. A medida não farmacológica que os usuários de ambos os grupos menos adotam é a prática de atividade física regular, seguida da cessação do tabagismo, controlar o estresse e reduzir o sal. Mais de um terço dos usuários pesquisados ​​não consegue tomar os medicamentos prescritos pelo médico. Os desafios que os profissionais de saúde devem enfrentar para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e auxiliar aqueles que, mesmo com dificuldade, aderem parcialmente, estão relacionados à forma de tratá-los e aos seus familiares.


This exploratory and descriptive study aimed to verify the compliance to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of hypertensive patients in a unit of Family Health Strategy program in the city of Cuiabá-MT- Brazil. Fifty-four users with arterial systemic hypertension took part in the study. They were mostly female, black, between 35 and 65 years of age, some illiterate, and some with four years or less of study and with a job away from home. Data was collected by means of interviews using a questionnaire and received descriptive treatment. The results showed that among the 54 users surveyed, none of them fully obeys the antihypertensive treatment, 50% adhere partially and 50% does not adhere. The non-pharmacological measure that the users of both groups less adopt is regular physical activity, followed by quitting smoking, controlling stress and salt reducing. More than a third of users surveyed are unable to take medications as prescribed by the doctor. The challenges that health professionals must face in order to improve the compliance with the treatment and help those who, even with difficulty, partially adhere, are related to how to treat them and their families.


El presente estudio es de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue verificar la adhesión al tratamiento farmacológico y no-farmacológico de hipertensos de una unidad de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en el municipio de Cuiabá-MT- Brazil. Participaron 54 usuarios con hipertensión arterial sistémica, la mayoría del sexo femenino, de color negro, edad entre 35 y 65 años, analfabeta o con hasta cuatro años de estudio y con ocupación fuera de casa. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevista con la utilización de un cuestionario y recibieron tratamiento descriptivo. Los resultados mostraron que, de los 54 usuarios investigados, ninguno adhiere totalmente al tratamiento antihipertensivo, 50% adhiere parcialmente y 50% no adhiere. La medida no farmacológica que los usuarios de ambos grupos menos siguen es la de realizar actividades físicas regularmente, seguida del abandono del fumo, controlar el estrés psicoemocional y reducir la sal. Más de un tercio de los usuarios investigados no consigue tomar los medicamentos según lo prescrito por su médico. Los desafíos que los profesionales de salud deben enfrentar para favorecer la adhesión del usuario al tratamiento y ayudar a aquellos que, aun con dificultad, adhieren parcialmente, están relacionados con la forma de tratar al usuario y a su familia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension/prevention & control , Salts , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Prescription Drugs , Smokers/statistics & numerical data , Psychological Distress , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
12.
Acta paul. enferm ; 25(spe1): 108-114, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-666741

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of tuberculosis reported cases and analyze the factors associated with treatment nonadherence in the state of Parana. METHODS: Ecological study that presented the TB cases reported between 2006 and 2010, using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: During this period, 15,077 cases were reported, of which 84.2% were new cases. The majority of patients were male, skin color/ ethnicity white, and more than half were less than 40 years old with low education. Incidence rates and treatment nonadherence were higher than national rates. Less than half had ​​directly observed therapy. Young, alcoholics, unemployed individuals with low education and previous treatment nonadherence were more likely not to adhere to treatment. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of these aspects can support a more effective strategy in combating tuberculosis treatment nonadherence.


OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos casos de tuberculose notificados no Estado do Paraná e identificar fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento. MÉTODOS: O estudo do tipo ecológico que levantou os casos de tuberculose notificados no período entre 2006 e 2010, com uso da estatística descritiva e regressão logística binária, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Nesse período, foram notificados 15.077 casos, dos quais 84,2% eram novos. A maioria dos doentes era do gênero masculino, de cor/etnia/etnia branca, e mais da metade tinha menos de 40 anos e baixa escolaridade. As taxas de incidência e de abandono do tratamento foram maiores que as taxas nacionais. Menos da metade fez tratamento diretamente observado. Indivíduos jovens, etilistas, desempregados, de baixa escolaridade e com abandono do tratamento anterior tiveram mais chances de abandonar o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento desses aspectos pode subsidiar uma atuação mais efetiva no combate ao abandono do tratamento da tuberculose.


OBJETIVOS: Describir el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de tuberculosis notificados en el Estado de Paraná e identificar factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de tipo ecológico en el que se levantó los casos de tuberculosis notificados en el período comprendido entre 2006 y 2010 y usó la estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binaria, con nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: En este período, fueron notificados 15.077 casos, de los cuales el 84,2% eran nuevos. La mayoría de los enfermos era del género masculino, de color/etnia/etnia blanca, y más de la mitad tenía menos de 40 años y baja escolaridad. Las tasas de incidencia y de abandono del tratamiento fueron mayores que las tasas nacionales. Menos de la mitad hizo tratamiento directamente observado. Individuos jóvenes, etílicos, desempleados, de baja escolaridad y con abandono del tratamiento anterior tuvieron más oportunidades de abandonar el tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: El conocimiento de esos aspectos puede subsidiar una actuación más efectiva en el combate al abandono del tratamiento de la tuberculosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Public Health , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Brazil , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Ecological Studies , Logistic Models
13.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 70(6): 371-377, nov.-dez. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612909

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar causas relacionadas com a não aderência ao tratamento do glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e sugerir meios para posteriormente minimizá-las. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário a pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, escolhidos aleatoriamente, para avaliação dos fatores relacionados com a interrupção do tratamento. Para isso, utilizou-se uma análise univariada, pelo teste exato de Fisher, e considerou estatisticamente significativo p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A partir do questionário, identificou-se dois subgrupos, um que já havia interrompido o tratamento e outro que nunca o havia interrompido, compostos por 25 e 11 pacientes respectivamente. Estes grupos foram comparados entre si e todos os parâmetros analisados. O custo dos medicamentos (p=0,001) e o fator esquecimento (p=0,007) foram estatisticamente relevantes para a interrupção do tratamento da doença. As demais variáveis testadas não obtiveram significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: O custo dos medicamentos e o fator esquecimento foram os fatores mais importantes para interrupção do tratamento.


The objective was to identify causes related to noncompliance of primary open-angle glaucoma and suggest ways to minimize them later. A questionnaire was given to patients with primary open angle glaucoma in Hospital Gaffrée Guinle, chosen randomly, to assess factors related to discontinuation of treatment. For this we used a univariate analysis by Fisher's exact test and considered statistically significant p <0.05. From the questionnaire, we identified two sub-groups, who had stopped treatment and another who had never stopped for 25 compounds and 11 patients respectively. These groups were compared, and all parameters examined. The cost of drugs (p = 0.001) and forgetting factor (p = 0.007) were statistically significant for discontinuation of treatment of disease. The other variables tested did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The cost of drugs and forgetting to take medication were the factors most important to withholding treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Ophthalmic Solutions/economics , Ophthalmic Solutions/adverse effects , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Prostaglandins/administration & dosage , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Treatment Refusal/psychology , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Drug Costs , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Medication Adherence/psychology
14.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 33(4): 379-384, Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-609106

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between feelings of countertransference (CT) at the early psychiatric care provided to trauma victims and treatment outcome. METHOD: The Assessment of Countertransference Scale was used to access CT after the first medical appointment. Fifty psychiatric residents cared for 131 trauma victims of whom 83 percent were women, aged 15 to 64 years. Patients had been consecutively selected over 4 years. Were evaluated the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and the correlation with the therapists' CT feelings. Patients were followed-up during treatment to verify the association between initial CT and treatment outcome, defined as discharge and dropout. RESULTS: The median number of appointments was 5 [4; 8], absences 1 [0; 1], and the dropout rate was 34.4 percent. Both groups, namely the discharge group and the dropout group, shared similar clinical and demographic characteristics. A multivariate analysis identified that patients with a reported history of childhood trauma were 61 percent less likely to dropout from treatment than patients with no reported history of childhood trauma (OR = 0.39, p = 0.039, CI95 percent 0.16-0.95). There was no association between initial CT and treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, CT in the initial care of trauma victims was not associated with treatment outcome. Further studies should assess changes in CT during treatment, and how such changes impact treatment outcome.


OBJETIVOS: Investigar a associação entre contratransferência (CT) no atendimento psiquiátrico inicial de vítimas de trauma e desfechos do tratamento. MÉTODO: A contratransferência de 50 terapeutas foi avaliada através da Assessment of Countertransference Scale após o primeiro atendimento de 131 vítimas de trauma (83 por cento mulheres, idade entre 15 e 64 anos) selecionadas consecutivamente durante 4 anos. Foram avaliadas características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes, e investigaram-se seus correlatos com os sentimentos contratransferenciais dos terapeutas. Os pacientes foram acompanhados ao longo do tratamento para verificar a associação entre a CT e o desfecho do tratamento, operacionalizado como alta ou abandono. RESULTADOS: A mediana de consultas realizadas foi 5 [4; 8], faltas 1 [0; 1] e taxa de abandono 34,4 por cento. As características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes dos grupos alta e abandono foram similares. Na análise multivariada, identificou-se que pacientes com relato de trauma na infância tiveram uma chance 61 por cento menor de abandonar o tratamento que pacientes sem relato de trauma na infância (OR = 0,39; p = 0,039; IC 95 por cento 0,16-0,95). Não foi detectada associação entre sentimentos contratransferenciais iniciais com os desfechos do tratamento. Conclusões: A CT no atendimento inicial de vítimas de trauma não esteve associada ao desfecho do tratamento. Estudos futuros devem avaliar a modificação da CT ao longo do tratamento e seu impacto sobre os desfechos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Countertransference , Patient Dropouts/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Treatment Refusal/psychology , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data
15.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(3): 495-506, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507853

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os registros de dispensação de anti-retrovirais (ARV) por um período de 12 meses após a primeira prescrição e determinar os fatores associados com a retirada irregular ou abandono em dois serviços públicos de referência para AIDS, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 323 pacientes infectados pelo HIV, virgens de tratamento, recrutados entre maio de 2001 e maio de 2002. No período, 98 (30,3 por cento) pacientes abandonaram a terapia e 187 (57,9 por cento) tiveram pelo menos uma retirada irregular. Indivíduos com retirada irregular ou que abandonaram a terapia foram comparados àqueles com retirada regular. Análise multivariada multinomial indicou que morar fora de Belo Horizonte, ter contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ maior que 200 células/mm³ e uso de esquema sem inibidor de protease estavam associados com retirada irregular. Além dessas variáveis, o abandono mostrou associação com não fazer uso de outra medicação e ter registro de não-adesão no prontuário médico. Os registros da farmácia destacaram-se como potencial indicador de não-adesão, devendo ser incorporados à prática clínica. Ações que busquem os pacientes ausentes ou com retirada irregular devem ser priorizadas.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate anti-retroviral (ARV) prescription pickups during twelve months following the first prescription and to identify factors associated with irregular pickups or permanent dropout in two public HIV/AIDS referral centers in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Participants (n = 323) were antiretroviral naïve and were recruited from May 2001 to May 2002. A total of 98 (30.3 percent) patients abandoned treatment, and 187 (57.9 percent) had at least one irregular pickup. Patients with irregular pickups and dropouts were compared to those with regular pickups. Multinomial multivariate analysis showed that living outside Belo Horizonte, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count greater than 200/mm³, and antiretroviral regimen without protease inhibitors were associated with irregular pickups. In addition to these variables, not being on other medications, and any non-adherence recorded on patient charts were associated with treatment dropout. Pharmacy records are important potential indicators of non-adherence and should be incorporated as such in clinical practice. Strategies should be prioritized to reach out to dropouts or patients with irregular ARV pickups.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Brazil , Data Collection , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(9): 646-653, set. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495684

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer os fenótipos clínicos em portadores de asma grave. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 111 pacientes em um ambulatório especializado. Os pacientes foram avaliados e acompanhados de maneira sistemática, estabelecendo-se ao final do acompanhamento a adesão e o controle ou não da doença por dados clínicos e funcionais. A resistência ao tratamento foi definida como o não preenchimento, ao final do acompanhamento, por pelo menos seis meses, dos critérios de controle de asma, apesar do uso correto e adesão à medicação. Os fenótipos foram determinados por análise fatorial e comparados por testes diversos. RESULTADOS: Ao final, 88 pacientes foram considerados aderentes e 23 não aderentes. Por análise fatorial do grupo aderente, quatro fenótipos foram determinados: o fenótipo 1 (28 pacientes), formado pelos pacientes resistentes ao tratamento, com maior freqüência de sintomas noturnos, maior número de exacerbações e uso mais freqüente de broncodilatador de resgate; o fenótipo 2 (48 pacientes), formado pelos pacientes com obstrução persistente, com menores valores de relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo/capacidade vital forçada na avaliação inicial, idade mais avançada e maior tempo de doença; o fenótipo 3 (42 pacientes), representa os pacientes com rinossinusite alérgica, sendo constituído de não fumantes com obstrução predominantemente reversível; e o fenótipo 4 (15 pacientes), formado por casos com história de intolerância à aspirina associado à asma quase fatal. CONCLUSÕES: Um número significativo de portadores de ama grave não adere ao tratamento. Muitos pacientes com asma grave têm obstrução irreversível, mas o fenótipo clínico mais relevante é constituído pelos pacientes resistentes ao tratamento habitual.


OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical phenotypes of severe asthma. METHODS: A total of 111 patients were retrospectively evaluated at a specialized outpatient clinic. A systematic protocol for patient evaluation and follow-up was applied. Treatment compliance and control of the disease at the end of follow-up were defined by clinical and functional data. Patients who did not meet asthma control criteria after six months despite compliance with treatment and correct use of medication were characterized as treatment-resistant. Phenotypes were determined by factorial analysis and compared using various tests. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, 88 patients were considered treatment compliant and 23 were considered noncompliant. Factorial analysis of the compliant patients identified four phenotypes: phenotype 1 (28 patients) comprised patients who were treatment-resistant, more often presenting nocturnal symptoms and exacerbations, as well as more often using rescue bronchodilators; phenotype 2 (48 patients) comprised patients with persistent airflow limitation, lower ratios of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity at baseline, more advanced age and longer duration of symptoms; phenotype 3 (42 patients) comprised patients with allergic rhinosinusitis who were nonsmokers and presented predominantly reversible airflow obstruction; and phenotype 4 (15 patients) comprised cases with a history of aspirin intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid associated with near-fatal asthma. Conclusions: A significant number of patients with severe asthma are noncompliant with treatment. Although many patients with severe asthma have persistent airflow obstruction, the most relevant clinical phenotype comprises patients who are resistant to the typical treatment.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asthma/drug therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Airway Obstruction/physiopathology , Asthma/prevention & control , Epidemiologic Methods , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Phenotype , Respiratory Function Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data
17.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 23(5): 295-302, mayo 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-488457

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores asociados con la falta de adhesión al tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial (HTA) diagnosticada en una muestra representativa de adultos mayores mexicanos que viven en la comunidad. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 2 029 personas de 65 años o más con diagnóstico de HTA, participantes en el Estudio Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México realizado en el verano de 2001. La encuesta recabó información sobre algunas características sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, escolaridad, si vivía solo y si realizaba algún trabajo remunerado, entre otras), las enfermedades crónicas, los síntomas depresivos, el deterioro cognoscitivo, el índice de masa corporal, el tabaquismo, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y las dificultades para realizar actividades básicas (ABVD) e instrumentales (AIVD) de la vida diaria, entre otras. Se evaluó la asociación entre las variables estudiadas y el autoinforme de hipertensión arterial no tratada (HTNT) mediante análisis de regresión logística simple y multifactorial. RESULTADOS: De los 2 029 participantes, 437 (21,5 por ciento) declararon no seguir tratamiento alguno para controlar la HTA, 1 584 (78,1 por ciento) afirmaron seguir un tratamiento y 8 (0,4 por ciento) no respondieron a esa pregunta. El análisis multifactorial ajustado por posibles variables confusoras (edad, sexo, síntomas depresivos y deterioro cognoscitivo) mostró que solo la baja escolaridad (razón de posibilidades [odds ratio, OR] ajustada = 1,70; intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC95 por ciento]: 1,10 a 2,64; P = 0,02 para la escolaridad de 1 a 6 años y OR ajustada = 3,32; IC95 por ciento: 2,10 a 5,24; P < 0,01 para los no escolarizados), consumir bebidas alcohólicas (OR ajustada = 1,52; IC95 por ciento: 1,14 a 2,03; P = 0,01) y padecer de incontinencia urinaria (OR ajustada = 1,61; IC95 por ciento: 1,15 a 2,26; P < 0,01) resultaron asociadas independientemente con la HTNT. CONCLUSIONES: La HTNT es ...


OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with failure to adhere to treatment for diagnosed hypertension among a representative sample of older Mexican adults living in the community. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2 029 individuals 65 years of age or older with diagnosed hypertension who participated in the Mexican Health and Aging Study, carried out during the summer of 2001. The survey collected information on several demographics (age, sex, schooling, whether living alone, and employment status, among others), any chronic illnesses, symptoms of depression, cognitive deterioration, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and difficulty performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Simple and multifactorial logistical regression analyses were used to evaluate the association among the study variables and self-reported untreated high blood pressure. RESULTS: Of the 2 029 participants, 437 (21.5 percent) reported not following any treatment whatsoever for controlling their hypertension; 1 584 (78.1 percent) affirmed they were complying with treatment; and 8 (0.4 percent) did not respond to this question. The multifactorial analysis adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, symptoms of depression, and cognitive deterioration) showed that only a low number of years of schooling (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95 percent confidence interval [95 percentCI]: 1.10-2.64; P = 0.02 for 1-6 years of schooling and adjusted OR = 3.32; 95 percentCI: 2.10-5.24; P < 0.01 for no schooling), alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 1.52; 95 percentCI: 1.14-2.03; P = 0.01), and urinary incontinence (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95 percentCI: 1.15-2.26; P < 0.01) were independently associated with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is a common and important issue among older adults in Mexico. To obtain better medication compliance, doctors prescribing or modifying hypertension treatment should taken into account whether or not the ...


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Chronic Disease , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Health Status , Mexico/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
18.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 37(1): 54-62, jan.-mar.2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-490950

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A satisfação dos pacientes pode influenciar sua adesão ao tratamento em doenças crônicas. Tem-se por objetivo estudar a associação entre satisfação com o serviço e não-adesão ao tratamento entre diabéticos atendidos no PSF em Blumenau, SC. Métodos: Estudaram-se características sóciodemográficas, da doença, do tratamento e satisfação numa amostra aleatória de usuários em 2006, mediante entrevistas estruturadas. A variável dependente foi não adesão ao tratamento. Mediu-se a glicemia capilar pósprandial. Calculou-se a prevalência de não-adesão, razão de prevalência (IC95%) e análise estratificada por possíveis variáveis de confusão. Utilizou-se teste de Quiquadrado de Pearson e ajustado de Mantel-Haenszel, sendo aceito um valor de p<0,05. Resultados: foram entrevistadas 341 pessoas, sendo 67,4% do sexo feminino, 79,5% brancas, 60,2% casadas e 73,9% católicas. A média de idade foi de 59,4 anos (±13.51) e mediana de 59,3 anos. 93,3% estão satisfeitas com o atendimento do pessoal de saúde, 92,9%, com o médico; 81,7% estão satisfeitas com a estrutura do serviço e acesso a consultas 73,1%. A prevalência de não-adesão ao tratamento foi de 71,0% (IC 95% 65,8 - 75,7) e 47,2 % apresentaram glicemia capilar acima de 180 mg/dl. A não-adesão ao tratamento se mostrou associada a idades mais jovens, cor preta/parda, religião não-católica, consumo de álcool, interrupção previa do tratamento, presença de transtorno mental comum e menor grau de satisfação (p<0,05). Esta última associação sofreu ajuste das variáveis consumo de álcool, transtorno mental e idade. Conclusões: A elevada prevalência de não-adesão deve servir de alerta sobre a qualidade dos serviços. Pessoas mais satisfeitas parecem apresentar maior adesão ao tratamento.


Background: The patients' satisfaction can influence its adherence to drug treatment in chronic diseases. Objective: It was stuied the association between satisfaction of with the health service and non-adherence to treatment among diabetic patients' assisted by PSFin Blumenau, SC. Methods: The socio-demographic characteristics of the illness, treatment and also of the satisfaction were studied in a random sample of users in 2006, through structured interviews. The dependent variable was nonadherence with treatment. The post-prandial glycemic capillary was measured. The prevalence of nonadherence and prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)were calculated, with stratified analysis by confounding. It was used Pearson's an Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test, with an accepted 'p -value' < 0,05. Results: population study had 341 people with age means of 59,4 years (± 13.51) and median of 59,3 years. They are female (67,4%), white (79,5%), married(60,2%) and catholic (73,9%). 93,3% are satisfied with the attendance health service, 92,9% with the doctor, 81,7% are satisfied with the structure of the service and access to appointments 73,1%. The prevalence of nonadherence to treatment was 71,0% and 47,2% hadcapillary glycemia above 180 mg/dl. Non-adherence to treatment was associated with younger age, black color,non-Catholic religion, alcohol consumption, premature interruption of treatment, presence of common mentaldisorder and smaller degree of satisfaction (p < 0,05). This last association was adjusted by variables alcohol consumption, common mental disorder and age. Conclusions: The high prevalence of non-adherence should serve as a warning about the quality of services. People who seem more satisfied produce greater adherence to treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Primary Health Care , Patient Satisfaction , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(3): 159-166, mar. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479633

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar as taxas de abandono e identificar as variáveis relacionadas ao abandono do tratamento, segundo o tipo de estratégia utilizada em pacientes matriculados no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose do município de Carapicuíba (SP) Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal não concorrente de duas coortes de tratamento de tuberculose, a primeira de 1 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2003 com a estratégia tratamento auto-administrado (173 casos) e a segunda de 1 de julho de 2004 a 30 de junho de 2005 com a estratégia tratamento supervisionado (187 casos). RESULTADOS: A taxa de abandono diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,05), de 13,3 por cento (tratamento auto-administrado) para 5,9 por cento (tratamento supervisionado). Na estratégia tratamento auto-administrado, as variáveis associadas significativamente ao abandono foram: estar trabalhando na informalidade (risco relativo [RR] = 3,06); ser caso de retratamento (RR = 2,73); ser alcoolista (RR = 3,10); e não ter os contatos examinados (RR = 8,94). Não houve variável associada ao abandono para os casos sob a estratégia tratamento supervisionado. CONCLUSÃO: A estratégia tratamento supervisionado reduziu a taxa de abandono e produziu bons resultados quanto ao desfecho do tratamento, mesmo nos pacientes com fatores de risco para abandono como na coorte tratamento auto-administrado.


OBJECTIVE: To determine treatment noncompliance rates among patients participating in a municipal tuberculosis control program and to identify the variables related to noncompliance depending on the type of treatment strategy used. METHODS: A longitudinal non-concurrent cohort study was carried out involving two cohorts of patients participating in the Tuberculosis Control Program of the city of Carapicuíba, Brazil. The first cohort comprised 173 patients with tuberculosis treated from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003 using self administration of treatment, and the second comprised 187 patients with tuberculosis treated from July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005 using the directly observed therapy, short-course strategy. RESULTS: Noncompliance rates decreased from 13.3 percent (self administration of treatment) to 5.9 percent (directly observed therapy, short-course), a significant difference (p < 0.05). For the self administration of treatment strategy, the variables significantly associated with treatment noncompliance were as follows: being an unregistered worker (relative risk [RR] = 3.06); retreatment (RR = 2.73); alcoholism (RR = 3.10); and no investigation of contacts (RR = 8.94). For the directly observed therapy, short-course strategy, no variables were significantly associated with noncompliance. CONCLUSION: The directly observed therapy, short-course strategy decreased noncompliance rates and produced better treatment outcomes, even when the risk factors for noncompliance were the same.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Directly Observed Therapy , Self Administration/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Longitudinal Studies , Program Evaluation , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Urban Population
20.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(5): 495-501, set.-out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467473

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Pesquisar a freqüência dos fatores associados à asma de difícil controle. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com diagnóstico de asma grave do ambulatório de asma do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos: asma grave controlada e asma grave de difícil controle. Após nova tentativa de otimização do tratamento para o grupo de difícil controle, foram aplicados questionário e investigação complementar de fatores associados, como exposição ambiental domiciliar e ocupacional, tabagismo, fatores sociais, rinossinusite, doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), apnéia obstrutiva do sono, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), embolia pulmonar, fibrose cística, disfunção de cordas vocais, deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina e vasculite de Churg-Strauss. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 77 pacientes com asma grave, dos quais 47 apresentavam asma de difícil controle, sendo 68,1 por cento do sexo feminino, idade média de 44,4 anos (±14,4) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo de 54,7 por cento (±18,3 por cento). Dos diagnósticos encontrados em associação à asma de difícil controle, o mais freqüente foi a pouca adesão ao tratamento (68 por cento). Outros foram as más condições ambientais (34 por cento) e ocupacionais (17 por cento), rinossinusite (57 por cento), DRGE (49 por cento), apnéia obstrutiva do sono (2 por cento), ICC (2 por cento) e tabagismo (10 por cento). Em todos os casos, pelo menos um desses fatores concomitantes foi diagnosticado. CONCLUSÕES: O fator mais freqüente associado à asma de difícil controle nos indivíduos estudados é a pouca adesão à medicação prescrita. A investigação de co-morbidades é imperativa na avaliação de pacientes com esta forma da doença.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma. METHODS: Patients with severe asthma were selected from the outpatient asthma clinic of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas. The patients were divided into two groups: controlled severe asthma and difficult-to-control severe asthma. After new attempts to optimize the severe asthma treatment, a questionnaire was applied, and additional tests for factors associated with difficult-to-control asthma, such as environmental and occupational exposure, smoking history, social factors, rhinitis/sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obstructive sleep apnea, congestive heart failure (CHF), pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis, vocal cord dysfunction, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Churg-Strauss syndrome, were performed. RESULTS: 77 patients with severe asthma were selected, of which 47 suffered from hard-to-control asthma, being 68.1 percent female, with mean age of 44.4 years (±14.4), and forced expiratory volume in one second of 54.7 percent (±18.3). The most factors most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma were noncompliance with treatment (68 percent), rhinitis/sinusitis (57 percent), GERD (49 percent), environmental exposure (34 percent), occupational exposure (17 percent), smoking history (10 percent), obstructive sleep apnea (2 percent), and CHF (2 percent). At least one of these factors was identified in every case. CONCLUSIONS: Noncompliance with treatment was the factor most often associated with difficult-to-control asthma, underscoring the need to investigate comorbidities in the evaluation of patients with this form of the disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Algorithms , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/drug therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/complications , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Skin Tests , Sinusitis/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Treatment Failure , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data
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